| •
Llewelyn ap Iorwerth takes the Isle of Anglesey.
• Layamon writes Brut,
a chronicle (of England) from the fall of Troy to the death of Cadwalader in 689
CE. Based on Wace's Brut it contains the earliest references to Lear and
Cymbeline. | | •
King John issues
a charter to the Jews in England. | | •
Llewelyn AP Iorwerth unites Gwynedd. | | | | •
1 April: Eleanor
of Aquitaine, mother of Richard
and John and widow of Henry
II, dies.
| | •
Mar: English barons refuse to fight in France to regain the lost territory.
•
12 July: Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chief Justicar while King
Richard had been on the Third Crusade, dies.
•
Walter de Grey becomes chancellor. | | •
Mar: The pope rejects King
John's choice for Archbishop of Canterbury, nominating (in Dec) Stephen Langton.
John expels
the clergy in Canterbury, seizing church property. | | •
1 Oct: The future Henry
III is born. | | •
23 Mar: Because of King
John's dispute with the Pope, Innocent III places an interdict on England.
•
28 Aug: Liverpool becomes a borough.
•
Llewelyn AP Iorwerth takes Powys. | | •
2 Aug: Treaty of Norham; King
John marches to Norham, near Berwick-on-Tweed with a large army, forcing William
the Lion of Scotland to pay £10,000 and hand over his two eldest daughters
for marriage into the English royal family.
•
Oct: The Welsh princes do homage to King John.
•
John is excommunicated.
•
London Bridge is completed (begun in 1176). | | •
June: Aug: King
John asserts his authority in Ireland.
• Gervase of Canterbury writes
Gesta regum, a chronicle of English history.
| | •
May: King John
campaigns against Llewelyn AP Iorwerth. | | | | •
13 May: to build an anti-French coalition John
accepts Langton and pays homage to the pope. England and Ireland become papal
fiefs, paying annual tributes to Rome. The interdict is lifted.
•
30 May: English ships destroy the French invasion fleet at Damme (Bruges).
•
3 June: John
and Llewelyn call a truce.
•
John calls
parliament for the first time, as an advisory body. | | •
John's defeat
at Bouvines (see below) contributes to his need to accede to the demands of his
barons.
•
4 Dec: William
the Lion of Scotland dies and is succeeded by his son, Alexander II.
•
Oxford University's constitution dates from this time. | | •
17 May: barons rise against John
taking London.
•15
June: John
reluctantly signs the Magna
Carta at Runnymede. 63 articles cover all aspects of the feudal system laying
the basis for legal developments (ban on trial without witnesses). The pope annuls
the charter.
•
Sept: start of the Barons' War, when John does not abide by the Magna
Carta.
•
First lord mayor's show in London. | | •
21 May: the Dauphin lands in England to support the barons.
•
19 Oct: John
dies at Newark, having lost his baggage in the Wash; the first king since Harold
to be born and die in England. He was campaigning to reassert his authority. He
is succeeded by his son Henry
III, with William Marshall as regent. | | •
20 May: Battle of Lincoln (the 'Fair of Lincoln') William Marshal, regent, defeats
the barons besieging Lincoln castle and the Dauphin, Louis.
•
23 Aug: a French fleet is defeated by the English off Sandwich.
•
12 Sept: Treaty of Kingston: peace is made between Henry
III and the rebel barons and Louis is paid to leave England.
•
Sept: the Magna
Carta is confirmed. | | •
Mar: Henry
and Llewelyn make peace at Worcester.
•
Nov: Cardinal Pandulf arrives in England as papal legate.
• Worcester
cathedral, which had been badly damaged by fire in 1202, is restored. | | •
14 May: William Marshall, regent to Henry
III, dies. | | •
17 May: Henry
III is crowned again at Westminster.
•
A new Lady Chapel is begun at Westminster Abbey.
•
Salisbury Cathedral is begun. | | •
July: Pandulf, the papal legate leaves England.
•
Aug: arrival of Dominican friars in England. | | •
A poll tax is introduced in England. | | | | •
Cathal O'Connor, king of Connaught and the last king of Ireland's ancient provinces,
dies.
•
14 Aug: Henry
III takes Bedford castle, defeating the rebellion of Fawkes de Breauté.
•
10 Sept: friars of the Fransican order arrive in England. | | •
11 Feb: the Magna
Carta is reissued together with the Charter of the Forests. By doing so, Henry
III gains acceptance by the barons of a tax to pay for a campaign against
the French king in Gascony.
•
Beverley Minster is begun. | | •
St Edmund Hall in Oxford is founded. | | •
8 Jan: the end of the minority of Henry
III. | | •
9 July: Stephen Langton, archbishop of Canterbury, dies.
•
Sept: Lleweyln's siege of Montgomery is broken by Henry
III.
•
The earliest known life assurance bond dates from this time. | | •
The Royal Mint is first recorded. | | •
3 May: Henry
III campaigns in Brittany allied to Peter of Dreux, returning to England in
October. | | •
5 July: a truce is agreed between Henry
III and Louis IX.
•
Dec: Henry III
agrees a truce with Lleweyln.
•
Cambridge University is granted a royal charter. | | •
29 July: Henry
III dismisses his adviser Hubert de Burgh and starts to centralise royal finances
under Peter des Rivaux. | | •
Aug: Richard Marshall, earl of Pembroke, in alliance with Llewelyn, leads a rebellion
against Henry
III's use of foreign advisers.
•
25 Nov: Richard Marshall defeats royal forces near Monmouth. | | •
15 April: the Marshall rebellion ends with his murder in Ireland.
•
May: Henry
dismisses Peter Des Rivaux. | | | | •
14 Jan: Henry
III marries Eleanor of Provence. | | •
Jan: Henry
again confirms the Magna
Carta and the Charter of the Forest and appoints councilors from among the
barons, in return for a new tax.
•
25 Sept: Treaty of York; the Anglo-Scotttish border is agreed; Alexander II renounces
claims to Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland.
•
4 Dec: Roger of Wendover, writer of Flores Historiarum, dies. | | •
Peterborough Cathedral is consecrated. | | •
7 Jan: Simon
de Montfort earl of Leicester, is married to Henry's
sister, Eleanor.
•
June: The future Edward
I is born to Henry
III and Eleanor of Provence.
•
Lincoln cathedral suffers the collapse of its central tower. | | •
11 April: Llewelyn AP Iorwerth, king of Gwynedd, dies and is succeeded by his
son Dafydd AP Llewelyn. | | •
Henry III
marches into Wales to ensure the submission of Dafydd AP Llewelyn. | | •
2 Feb: at a baronial council, Henry
III's planned tax is refused. | | | | •
Nov: at a council of prelates and barons, Henry
III is again refused a new tax. | | •
Westminster Abbey church is begun. | | •
25 Feb: Dafydd AP Llewelyn, king of Gwynedd, dies and the principality is divided
between Owain and Llewelyn II AP Gryffydd. | | •
Treaty of Woodstock: Henry
III forces Owain and Llewelyn II AP Gryffydd to accept the status of English
barons and to give up lands east of the Conway.
•
Bethlehem Hospital (Bedlam) is founded. | | •
Oxford University is granted a charter by Henry
III. | | •
8 July: Alexander II of Scotland dies and is succeeded by his son, Alexander III.
•
University College Oxford is founded following a donation by William of Durham. | | |
| •
22 May:Treaty of Le Goulet; Philip II recognises John
to be Richard's
heir to his French lands.
•
The Carmina Burana is discovered at Benediktbeurin convent, Munich. | | | | •
30 April: John's
vassals in France rebel against him after Philip II proclaims he no longer has
claim to his French lands.
•
1 Aug:John
defeats the rebels at Mirabeau. | | •
3 April: Arthur of Brittany is murdered and John
of England is blamed. Philip II seizes the Loire.
•
17 July: crusaders take Constantinople, restoring Isaac II as Emperor, followed
by Alexius IV, 1Aug. | | •
12 April: crusaders sack Constantinople; Baldwin of Flanders is crowned Emperor
(16 May). Alexius Comnenus founds an empire at Trebizond.
•
24 June: Philp II of France takes Rouen and Normandy.
| | | | •
June: King John
of England campaigns in France.
•
26 Oct: At Thouars, a truce is agreed between John
and Philip II. | | •
Jan: Philip of Swabia captures Cologne.
•
The Venetians capture Corfù. | | •
17 Nov: Pope Innocent III calls on French nobles to crusade against the Albigensians
and taxes the Church in France to pay for the crusade. | | •22
July: Albigensian crusade; Béziers and Carcassone (15 Aug) fall and Simon de Montfort
becomes leader of the crusade.
•
The walls of Paris are finished. | | •
Nov: Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated for campaigning in Apulia,
leading to a revolt in Germany.
•
The Order of St Francis is authorised by the pope. | | •
Sept: German princes rebel against Otto IV. | | •
16 July: Spanish Crusaders defeat a Muslim army at Las Navas de Tolosa.
•
Venice takes Crete. | | •
19 April: Pope Innocent III calls for a Fifth Crusade.
•
Geoffroi de Villehardouin writes De la Conquête de Constantinople. | |
•
27 July: Battle of Bouvines; French victory over the English and her allies, securing
most English lands in France.
| | •
11-30 Nov: Fourth Lateran Council; taxation is agreed to pay for the Fifth Crusade,
and Jews are required to be identifiable by their dress. | | •
16 July: Pope Innocent III dies. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | •
Gascony falls to England. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | •
21 July: Battle of Taillebourg; Louis IX defeats Henry
III.
•
Battle of Saintes;an English defeat against France. | | •
Treaty of Bordeaux: Henry
III and Louis IX agree a truce. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
