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	•2 Aug: William II is killed, probably by accident, while riding in the New Forest. • 5 Aug: Henry I, William's brother, is crowned King of England. He recalls Archbishop Anselm. • Henry marries Matilda, niece of Edgar the Atheling and daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. • Abelard of Bath translates Euclid into Latin from Arabic.		•17 July: Treaty of Alton; Robert 'Curthose' of Normandy relinquishes his claim to the English crown.		•Henry I quashes a revolt led by the Earl of Shrewsbury. • Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway, conquers the Isle of Man and his claim to the Scottish Western Isles is recognised by Edgar of Scotland.		•27 April: Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, is exiled for the second time after quarreling with Henry I over the lay investiture of bishops. • Magnus Barefoot dies.		• Saewulf, an Anglo-Saxon monk from Malmesbury, writes a vivid account of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1102–03. • Gloucester Cathedral is completed.				•28 Sept: Battle of Tinchebrai; Henry I of England defeats his brother Robert of Normandy, winning the Duchy and imprisoning Robert.		•Jan: Edgar, King of Scotland, dies and is succeeded by his brother Alexander I. • Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, returns from exile, having reached agreement with Henry I over the lay investiture of bishops.				• 21 April: Anslem (Saint), archbishop of Canterbury, dies at the age of 73.						• Henry I puts down a rebellion in Normandy.				•1 Oct: Emperor Henry V weds Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England.		• St Albans Abbey is consecrated.						•Work begins on Peterborough abbey-church (now cathedral). • Florence of Worcester, historian dies.				•25 Nov: The White Ship disaster; William the 17 year old son and heir of Henry I, drowns when his ship sinks in the Seine estuary. • Southwell Minster is started.						• St Bartholomew's Hospital is founded by Rahere.		•22 April: Alexander I of Scotland dies and is succeeded by his brother David.		• Matilda, the Empress, is widowed.				•Jan: Henry I's daughter, Matilda, is recognised as Henry's heir after his second marriage fails to produce a male heir.		• 17 June:Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V, marries Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou. • At Waverley in Surrey the first Cistercian abbey in England is founded. • Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh is founded.		•Simeon of Durham, Historia Regum		•Pipe rolls of the English Exchequer date from this time. They are preserved in the Public Record Office, are a valuable historical resource and are the oldest surviving annual administrative record. • Eadmer, writes Historia Novorum (English history) and Vita sancti Anselm (Life of St. Anselm		• 8 Sept: English barons accept Matilda as heir to the throne. • Tintern Abbey is founded.		• Fountains, the Cistercian Abbey, is begun in Yorkshire.		• 24 Aug: the first Bartholomew Fair is held in London.				• 1 Dec: Henry I, King of England, dies. • 26 Dec: Stephen of Blois, nephew of Henry I and grandson of William I is crowned king of England.		• Jan: Rebellion in Wales led by Gruffydd ap Cynan. • Feb: Cumberland is transferred to David of Scotland, who recognises Stephen as King of England. • Geoffrey of Monmouth; History of the Kings of Britain, based on the Arthurian legends.		• Gruffydd AP Cynan, King of Gwynedd, dies and is succeeded by his son, Owain the Great. • Stephen campaigns in Normandy.		• May: Robert, Earl of Gloucester, one of Henry I's illegitimate sons, begins a civil war by declaring for his half-sister Matilda against Stephen. • 22 Aug: Battle of the Standard at Cowton Moor; English forces under the archbishop of York and bishop of Durham defeat David I of Scotland. Stephen cedes Northumberland to David anyway to concentrate on his war with Matilda.		• June: Stephen orders the arrest of the bishops of Salisbury and Lincoln. • 30 Sept: the Empress Matilda lands in England to lead her supporters against Stephen.				• 2 Feb: Battle of Lincoln; Robert of Gloucester attacks Stephen who is besieging Lincoln castle. Stephen is defeated, captured and taken to Bristol. • 3 March: Matilda is proclaimed Queen of England at Winchester. • 1 Nov: Stephen is released in exchange for Robert of Gloucester, who had been captured by Stephen's supporters.		• Matilda escapes from the siege of Oxford.		• (about this date) William of Malmesbury, historian, dies.		• Cistercian monks found Whitland Abbey, their first in Wales. The order becomes widespread throughout Wales and is largely responsible for the preservation of ancient Welsh literature.		• Battle of Farringdon: a victory for Matilda.				• 23 May: 147 ships sail from Dartmouth carrying crusaders on the Second Crusade. They play a decisive role in the capture of Lisbon, taking the city from the Moors on 24 Oct. Many stay in Portugal. • 31 Oct: Robert, Earl of Gloucester and Matilda's chief supporter, dies.		• Matilda leaves England, abandoning her attempt to gain the English throne. Geoffrey of Anjou, her second husband, assumes the title of Duke of Normandy. • Hereford Cathedral is completed.
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	• 18 July: Godfrey of Bouillon dies and is succeeded by his brother who becomes Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem.		• 22 June: Roger I, Great Count of Sicily, dies. He is succeeded by his son, Simon. • Ankara falls, temporarily, to a crusading army led by Raymond of Toulouse.		• 17 May: Baldwin of Jerusalem is defeated by an Egyptian army at Ramleh, only to be victorious at Jaffa (28th).		•Simon of Sicily dies and is succeeded by his brother Roger II.		•Baldwin of Jerusalem captures Acre.		• 27 Aug: Baldwin of Jerusalem defeats the Egyptians at Ramleh. • Dec: Henry IV is forced to abdicate; his son becomes Henry V, King of the Germans.		• 5 Oct: Henry III Holy Roman Emperor dies. His son, Henry IV succeeds him. •Milan:a commune is set up by the Paterines, a reformist movement.		• 9 Oct: Bohemond of Antioch attacks the Byzantine Empire and beseiges Durazzo, on the Adriatic coast. He is captured and submits (1108) to the Emperor Alexius Comenus.		•28 July: Philip I, King of France, dies and is succeeded by his son Louis VI.		• 12 July: Baldwin of Jerusalem takes Tripoli.		• 4th Dec: Baldwin takes Sidon with help from a fleet of ships brought to the Holy Land by King Sigurd of Norway. • Nestor of Kiev, The Ancient Chronicle		•13 April: Henry V is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. • Guibert of Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos, a history of the First Crusade.		• Sept: Henry V is excommunicated for having kidnapped the pope over the dispute about the lay investiture of bishops.				• Spain: Raymond-Berenguer, Count of Barcelona, crusades in the Balearic Islands.						•Henry I suppresses a revolt in Normandy led by William Clito, son of Robert Curthose, whose claims are supported by Louis VI, King of France.		• 2 April: Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, dies and is succeeded by Baldwin II, of Edessa. • 15 Aug: Alexius I Comnenus, dies and is succeeded by his son, John II.		• 27 June: Roger of Antioch is defeated at 'the Field of Blood’ . • The Order of Knights Templars is founded. • 20 Aug: Battle of Brémule; Henry I defeats Louis VI.				• 29 Sept: diet of Würzburg; peace is restored between the Emperor Henry V and the German nobility.		• 23 Sept: Concordat of Worms; the Emperor Henry V settles his dispute with the papacy over the investiture of bishops.		• William Clito heads a Norman rebellion against Henry I. • 18 March: Calixtus II holds the First Lateran Council. • Baldwin II of Jerusalem is captured.		• Baldwin II is released for ransom. • Aug: Louis VI of France, calls on his nobles for unity against the Emperor, persuading Henry to withdraw.		•23 May: Holy Roman Emperor, Henry V, dies without heir.				•Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana; a chronicle of the First Crusade and Kingdom of Jerusalem.		• James of Venice, Organon; a translation of Aristotle. • Pope Honorius II invests Roger as duke of Apulia, Sicily and Calabria.		• Nov: Baldwin II takes Banyas, the Assassins' fortress.		• 27 Sept: The antipope Anacletus II invests Roger as king of Sicily and Apulia in return for his support.		•21 Aug: Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, dies and is succeeded by Fulk of Anjou. • The Norman cathedral of Cefalù is begun on Sicily.				• 10 Feb: Robert Curthose, eldest son of William the Conqueror, dies aged 82. He had been imprisoned by his brother Henry I since 1106.		• Work on the north tower of Chartres Cathedral is begun.				• May: Stephen is invested as Duke of Normandy.		• 22 July: Louis VII of France marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. •Abbé Suger begins construction of the Abbey Church of St Denis outside Paris.						• Council of Sens: Abelard is denounced by St Bernard of Clairvaux.				•Peter Abelard, Letters (to Héloise) • 21 April: Peter Abelard dies aged 63.		• 10 Nov: Fulk, of Jerusalem, dies and is succeeded by his widow, Melisande, as regent for their young son, Baldwin III.		•23 April: Geoffrey of Anjou conquers Normandy, becoming duke in Rouen. • 24 Dec:Edessa, the first crusader state, is captured by Zengi.		•Abbot Suger of St. Denis, Liber de rebus in administratione sua gestis; describing his administration of the Abbey.		•1 Mar: Eugenius III issues bull proclaiming the Second Crusade. • 14 Sept: Zengi is assassinated and succeeded by his son Nur-ad-Din.		• 8 June: Louis VII and his crusaders depart for the Holy Land. • 25 Oct: Conrad loses most of his army near Dorylaeum when he is attacked by Turks.		• 24 April: crusaders of the Second Crusade decide to attack Damascus. • 28th July: the crusaders retreat in failure from Damscus.		• 29 June: Raymond of Antioch is killed while raiding land held by Nur-ad-Din. • 15th July: enlarged Church of the Holy Sepulchre dedicated.
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																					• Bishopric of Greenland established.																																• The first recorded use of gunpowder at the siege of Kaifeng.																								• Saladin is born.
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