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William the Lion, King of Scotlandb. 1143; d. 1214He succeeded his brother, Malcolm IV, in 1165. William made an alliance with France against England in 1168. In 1174 he invaded England in alliance with Henry II's own sons, was defeated at Alnwick, and sent as a prisoner to Falaise in Normandy. By the Treaty of Falaise he was liberated, but he agreed to do homage to Henry for Scotland and all his other territories. By the Treaty of Canterbury (1189) between him and Richard I the independence of Scotland was recognised on payment of 10,000 marks.
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