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Nureddin, or Malik al-Adil Nur al-Din Mahmud, sultan of Syria (Surnamed al-Shahid, the martyr, by the Muslim historians)b. Damascus 1117; d. 1174He succeeded his father as Emir of Aleppo in 1145, and tried to expel the Christians from Palestine. The Christian defeat at Edessa led to the second crusade, but by 1151 many Christian strongholds in Palestine were in his hands. In 1169 he overran Egypt, and was created sultan of Syria and Egypt by the caliph of Baghdad. He prepared the way for the destruction of the kingdom of Jerusalem by Saladin.
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