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Adrian IV (Nicholas Breakspear), Popeb. circa 1100; d. 1159Pope from 1154 to 1159, the only Englishman to occupy the Roman see, born at Longley, Hertfordshire. He became a monk at St Rufus near Aries, and was elected abbot in 1137, and cardinal in 1146. He came into conflict with Frederick I because of his insistence upon papal supremacy as defined by Gregory VII. He gave Ireland to Henry II of England in 1154.
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